To evaluate the pilling tendency in accordance with SN EN ISO 12’945-2 a photo  standard can be used. Such photo standards have been developed by the  EMPA in St. Gallen, Switzerland. The complete set consists of 6 series (3 for woven  and 3 for knitted fabrics). Each photo standard consists of a series of 4 comparable photographs. Each comparable photograph shows the boundary between 2 marks (mark 4–5, 3–4, 2–3, 1–2). The surface condition of each test sample is judged against a photo standard, it can then be decided if the test sample is better, equal, or worse than the photo standard, resulting in a pilling mark. 

Marking system

Mark 5 = no or very little pilling

Mark 4 = light pilling formation

Mark 3 = moderate pilling formation

Mark 2 = distinct pilling formation

Mark 1 = strong pilling formation

(Half marks are allowed)

Each photograph is fixed to a nonreflecting plastic disc and is protected by a slightly raised rim.